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Ratings rules

Find out how we work out quality ratings for care services.

Introduction

We work out the quality rating for a care service by looking at how well the service meets the desired outcomes set out in the national minimum standards. We call these judgements.

We use a set of guidelines, called the Key lines of regulatory assessment, to judge how well services are meeting outcomes.

Generally speaking, the more outcomes that are graded as excellent the more likely a service is to achieve 3 stars.

The more outcomes that are graded as poor the more likely a service is to be rated as 1 or zero stars.

The rules for calculating this are set out below.

However, in awarding a quality rating we take particular account of how safe and how well managed a care service is.

As they are especially important to quality we have stricter rules for those outcomes relating to safety and management. Services can only be as good as their 'poorest' rating in these areas.

Quality rating judgement tool

This is the tool inspectors use to calculate the quality rating for a service following a key inspection. Service managers can also use the tool to confirm they have been rated correctly.

Rules for each quality rating

3 stars 3 star service (Excellent)

It must be possible for a service to be ‘3 star’. In other words, the expectation is not for perfect services but for particularly good services, well managed, and with a sustained track record of high performance.

  • Services cannot be 3 star if any outcome group is scored as being poor, and;
  • outcomes relating to safety and management must be at least good and;
  • at least one outcome relating to safety and management must be excellent and;
  • at least 50% of outcome groups must be judged as either good or excellent (for example, if there were 7 outcome groups for your type of service, 4 of the outcome groups would need to be good or excellent) and;
  • a brand new service cannot be excellent at the first key inspection following registration, as it would lack a track record of performance over time. By brand new we mean that the service, as it is registered, did not operate before registration. Those services can only achieve a 2 star, good, rating. But;

  • there are times when a service is already registered with us but has to make application for registration due to changes in the way it is to be run. It will be possible for those services to achieve an 'excellent', 3 star, rating at their first key inspection as long as the first four bullet points (listed above) are met. To achieve an excellent rating the service will need to have demonstrated excellent and good practice consistent with the Key Lines of Regulatory Assessment (KLORA). Excellent services will have a sustained track record of delivering good performance and managing improvement. Read more about this rule.

2 stars 2 star service (Good)

A '2 star' service may have some excellent outcomes.

  • Services cannot be good if any outcome group is scored as poor, and;
  • outcomes relating to safety and management must be at least good, and;
  • at least 50% of outcome groups must be judged as at least good

1 star 1 star service (Adequate)

A '1 star' service may have some outcomes that are good, even excellent.

  • Outcomes involving safety and management must be at least adequate and;
  • at least 50% of outcome groups must be at least adequate

0 stars 0 star service (Poor)

A '0 star' service may have some strengths. It may have some good or even excellent outcomes, or it may be a generally low performing service. The key issue is that it does not perform as a safe service.

  • One or more outcome groups that focus on safety and management are judged poor or
  • It does not meet the rules for a 1 star, 2 star or 3 star service.

Outcome groups relating to safety and management

The outcome groups relating to safety and management in different service types are:

Care Homes for Older People

  • Health and personal care
  • Complaints and protection
  • Management and administration

Care homes for Younger Adults

  • Personal and healthcare support
  • Concerns, complaints and protection
  • Conduct and management of the home

Domiciliary Care Agencies

  • Personal care
  • Protection
  • Organisation and running of the business

Nurses Agencies

  • Complaints and protection
  • Management and administration

Adult Placement Schemes

  • Managing an adult placement scheme

Utilities

Inspection reports

Star ratings